PIPages
Labs

Ruixuan Gao

University of Illinois Chicago, IL·Chemistry·Early-career

Mass spectrometry imaging maps where molecules sit inside a tissue slice by weighing them directly, with no added dyes or labels. It can track natural lipids, proteins, metabolites and sugars in intact biological and clinical samples.

Fields

Chemistry

Biomedical Engineering

Biochemistry

Topics

mass spectrometry imaging

expansion microscopy

label-free imaging

Grants
1 known grant, last ended Aug 2026

What they work on

  1. Develop a tissue polymerization and expansion pipeline that anchors natural lipids to a swellable polymer gel, allowing MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids at subcellular resolution on conventional instruments.
  2. Extend the expansion pipeline to detect and image lipids and proteins together in the same sample, adapting the gel embedding and digestion steps for multiplexed MALDI analysis.
  3. Push the spatial resolution of existing MALDI imaging from tens of micrometers to a few micrometers or finer by physically expanding samples, without modifying instrument hardware.

More about the research

But one of the most widely used versions, MALDI imaging, can only see details about tens of micrometers across on a standard instrument. That is too coarse to examine single cells or the structures inside them. Expansion microscopy offers a workaround in light microscopy. It physically swells a sample in a gel so that small features spread apart and can be seen on an ordinary microscope. However, current expansion methods do not work with mass spectrometry.

Why it matters

A label-free way to map molecules inside cells could let ordinary mass spectrometry labs study subcellular anatomy and disease in tissue and clinical samples. It would work without new instruments. It could also support measuring many disease markers at once and more precise disease diagnosis in existing laboratories.

Known grants

From NIH and NSF research grants. Labs often have other funding we can't see.

A biochemical approach towards subcellular, label-free molecular imaging

NIH · Sep 2023 – Aug 2026

Closest labs

David Muddiman

North Carolina State University, NC·Chemistry

Develop new ionization methods, which convert neutral molecules into charged ions for mass spectrometry, and characterize how they work using real biological tissues rather than standards.

Hao Chen

New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ·Chemistry

Develop a "bottom-up" mass spectrometry imaging method that identifies tissue proteins from their peptide fragments rather than as intact proteins, aiming to identify far more proteins per imaging experiment.

Drew Jones

New York University, NY·Biochemistry

Provide metabolomics services to cancer researchers, including global and untargeted metabolomics, lipidomics, mass spectrometry imaging and custom targeted methods for measuring specific metabolites.

The school

University of Illinois Chicago: 42 labs on PI Pages, $532M a year on research, 359 research doctorates a year.

More about University of Illinois Chicago

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