Shan Wang
Stanford University, CA·Engineering
Running artificial intelligence (AI) directly on a phone, watch or car, instead of on distant cloud servers, would save energy and keep personal data private. The obstacle is memory.
- Fields
Engineering
Materials Science
Computer Science
- Topics
magnetoresistive random access memory
spin-orbit torque
spin-transfer torque
- Grants
- 3 known grants, through Sep 2027
What they work on
- Improve the thermal robustness, switching speed, endurance and energy efficiency of MRAM, a memory that stores bits in nanoscale magnets, by tackling nanofabrication and design challenges for mobile AI.
- Combine MRAM-based associative memories, which retrieve stored data by similarity, with embeddings-based neural networks so phones and watches can run personalized AI that keeps private data on the device.
- Fabricate a 2-terminal spin-orbit torque MRAM using materials with unusual spin behavior, such as MnPd3, to reach unlimited endurance, nanosecond writes and switching without an external magnetic field.
- Design and manufacture a processing-in-memory chip that performs sparse multiply-and-accumulate operations inside the memory, supporting both running and training neural networks.
- Build SAS-MRAM, which combines spin-transfer and spin-orbit torque writing, on top of a TN40G CMOS chip using a custom back-end process, with micromagnetic and HSpice simulations to create design kits.
- Develop continual learning algorithms that let edge AI chips learn new, user-specific data without forgetting earlier knowledge while minimizing energy-costly memory writes.
More about the research
Today's chips spend much of their power moving data between memory and processors, and the standard on-chip memory, SRAM (static random access memory), keeps leaking power even when idle. These projects develop new kinds of MRAM (magnetoresistive random access memory). MRAM stores bits in tiny magnets, so it keeps data without power. The work runs from new magnetic materials, through fabricated devices and circuits, up to learning algorithms built around how the memory behaves. The shared goal is low-power AI chips for 'edge' devices, meaning devices that compute locally rather than in a data center.
Why it matters
Smartphones, smartwatches, robots, cars and connected health devices increasingly rely on AI. Running that AI locally drains batteries and is limited by power-hungry memory. Nonvolatile magnetic memory that uses no standby power could let these devices learn from personal data on the device itself. This could extend battery life, keep sensitive data private, and cut the energy cost of AI in applications such as autonomous driving and speech assistants.
Known grants
From NIH and NSF research grants. Labs often have other funding we can't see.
Collaborative Research: FuSe: Efficient Situation-Aware AI Processing in Advanced 2-Terminal SOT-MRAM
NSF · Oct 2023 – Sep 2027
ACED Fab: Ultrafast, low-power AI chip with a new class of MRAM for learning and inference at edge
NSF · Jul 2023 – Jun 2027
PFI-RP: Resilient and Energy-Efficient Memory Chips for Enhanced Mobile AI and Personalized Machine Learning
NSF · Mar 2024 – Feb 2027
Closest labs
Deliang Fan
Arizona State University Campus Immersion, AZ·Engineering·Early-career
Design, fabricate and validate a hybrid in-memory computing chip that combines RRAM, a non-volatile resistive memory, with SRAM to run deep neural networks with high energy efficiency.
Seongshik Oh
Rutgers University-New Brunswick, NJ·Materials Science
Grow wafer-scale van der Waals heterostructures pairing the room-temperature 2D ferromagnet Fe3GaTe2 with topological materials Bi2Te3 or WTe2, using molecular beam epitaxy to achieve atomically sharp interfaces.
Sarah Swisher
University of Minnesota, MN·Engineering·Early-career
Create a vertical ferroelectric memcapacitor, a capacitor that stores memory states, that can be fabricated in the back end of the CMOS process for monolithic 3D chip integration.
The school
Stanford University: 87 labs on PI Pages, $1.6B a year on research, 739 research doctorates a year.
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